Church and Government Essay Example for Free

Church and Government Essay As indicated by Article II, Section 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution expresses that, the division of Church and State will be sacred and Article III, Section 5 expresses, No law will be made regarding a foundation of religion, or disallowing the free exercise thereof. . The free exercise and delight in strict calling and love, without separation or inclination, will be everlastingly be permitted. No strict test will be required for the activity of common or political rights. Given the articles of the constitution with respect to the relationship of the congregation and the state, is the Catholic Church disregarding the rule of the Separation of Church and State by setting out to revolt against specific bills? To start with, what does the detachment of the congregation and state truly implies? The partition of the state implies that the state doesn't have an official religion. It implies that the individuals are allowed to pick in what religion depending in their own conviction. It likewise implies that there ought to be no laws that will be pass that favors a religion over the other. It likewise implies that there ought to be no segregation of the religion and conviction of the individuals. To put it plainly, what the association of the congregation and the state truly implies is that the residents ought to be compelled to follow a specific principle and those that don't follow ought to be punished. We can see from flags outside of houses of prayer the mainstream expression â€Å"No to RH Bill, Yes to Life.† But would we be able to think about this activity as an infringement of the constitution? The division of the congregation and the state doesn't specify that congregation authorities can't talk or attempt to impact the state strategy. Since the Philippines is a law based nation, each individual, gathering and association is allowed to communicate their own conclusion with respect to specific issues. The congregation doesn't constrain individuals to conflict with a specific bills; the choice despite everything lies in the individuals as indicated by their soul and comprehension. It implies that the congregation isn't disregarding the constitution since it is just communicating its entitlement to talk arranged by its conviction. Given the reasons over, that the Philippines has no state religion and given that the state doesn't finance the congregation, and that no congregation has any official access to the instruments of state power, I accept that the congregation doesn't disregard the constitution and that there is actually a partition of the congregation and the state.

Ethics Article Review Essay Example for Free

Morals Article Review Essay This paper looks to set up an audit of an article examining morals in bookkeeping and monetary dynamic by making a short outline, identifying with appointed perusing for the week, relating and applying the ideas to present or previous employer’s association, making improvement for the association utilizing the article as premise and clarifying the significance of morals in bookkeeping and budgetary dynamic. A depiction of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley act will likewise be examined remembering its effect for bookkeeping and budgetary dynamic. 2. Conversations 2. a. Brief Summary The article is discussing the significance of morals in bookkeeping and business. To sensationalize its importance in business, it has refered to an account of various rich individuals who may have achieved their monetary awards in business yet finished biting the dust in less significant manners impliedly in view of missing the standards of morals. While the article concedes that winning cash or achieving wealth might be a worthy objective in business, there is as yet the subject of how achievement in estimated in the last investigation and for which the writers were contending for wealth gained with respect and if a decision would be made between the two, it would be progressively desirable over have respect rather wealth (Smith and Smith, 2003) . 2. b. Identifying with appointed readings As to how the article identify with doled out readings during the current week, it might be contended that the article has addressed the significance of rules or advisers for activities in business. Morals in business might be declared to be imperative if business should achieve its objectives in amicability with different objectives of society, for example, those in financial matters and legislative issues. 2. c. Use of article to association As to how the moral ideas examined on the article may apply to this researcher’s previous or ebb and flow association, it might be contended that the all inclusiveness of standards identified with morals would truly make it hard to bar this researcher’s association from any of its application.. Since my association is a piece of the bigger society where every other person lives, it can't confine itself from the network by doing unscrupulous things. It can't contend that any unlawful or dishonest thing that it might do won't make a difference in reality as we know it where there numerous players who might be influenced by choices made. Similarly that a citizen can have any kind of effect to benefit the network so with the disappointment of one association or even an individual in the association can do to the burdens of numerous if not the entirety of the individuals from the network. 2. d. Proposals for development of the association To make suggestions for development on this researcher’s or association utilizing the article as premise, the association ought to empower basic living among its officials with the goal that they could be increasingly trained in the manner the company’s assets are being overseen for the investors as well as even to each partner who remain to profits by the recognition of moral direct in the association. Different partners obviously incorporate the workers who try for long haul business (Sears, 2003), the banks and loan specialists who assets should be secured too, clients who need to have their necessities and needs for company’s items and administrations constantly fulfilled and the administration who must keep guaranteeing installment of charges and consistence with guidelines. 2. e. The significance of morals in bookkeeping and money related dynamic and how the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act influences the equivalent The significant of morals in bookkeeping and budgetary dynamic can't be belittled. Without morals there would be no obligation regarding right or wrong act can be requested from individuals deciding. The chiefs who are viewed as specialists of investors would rather improve themselves to the detriment of investors speculations. Then again, these investors would simply abuse whatever they can to the impairment of their head, this time their obligation capital suppliers. The association can in like manner treat its workers with slight and abuse the latter’s if there in no morals that would direct them. Laws will be inadequate to correct consistence if individuals in the association were not ingrained the best possible qualities when they were as yet youthful similarly that it is difficult to instruct stunts to an old canine. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is an exemplary guide to administer decides of lead that would improve corporate administration (Ali, et. al, 2006) remembering an increasingly severe consistence of necessities for directing organizations as far as fiscal reports and guaranteeing of moral lead of outside examiners (Bainbridge, 2007). Despite the fact that the law is a positive demonstration to moral act of working together, the decision to make the wisest decision is still with chiefs who must have the correct feeling of qualities for society. 3. Determination: Ethics has a reason to accomplish. It is a piece of an organization’s life since it is a manual for dynamic in bookkeeping and account as well as even to all other part of business tasks. A sense or rightness or unsoundness offers a decision and that which is acceptable is by chance steady with morals. As the world is by all accounts painting what are the guidelines of its prosperity when really they are not the genuine and enduring ones, morals its and standards have a lot to offer in settling on the right choice that will lead genuine and enduring accomplishment for human presence. The article has contended that respect is best than wealth yet wealth need not be conflicting with wealth as long as they are morally gained. References: Ali, et. al (2006) International Corporate Governance After Sarbanes-Oxley, John Wiley and Sons Bainbridge (2007), The Complete Guide to Sarbanes-Oxley: Understanding How Sarbanes-Oxley Affects Your Business; Adams Media Sears (2003) Successful Talent Strategies: Achieving Superior Business Results Through Market-centered Staffing, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Association. Smith and Smith (2003) Business and Accounting Ethics, {www document} URL, http://acct. tamu. edu/smith/morals/morals. htmAccessed September 29,2008

HUBBUB

HUBBUB © Shutterstock.com | SentavioHubbub is a crowdfunding website for the education sector. In this article, we will look at 1) what is hubbub? 2) benefits of using hubbub, 3) why and when to use hubbub, 4) options to raise funds and fees on hubbub, 5) how to be successful on hubbub, and 6) hubbub success stories.WHAT IS HUBBUB?Another version of the crowdfunding model, Hubbub is a network of crowdfunding projects. Projects can be showcased to a substantial audience who can contribute with small donations in return for small rewards. The platform allows those donating and supporting a project to get involved at a development level.Hubbub’s key focus area for crowdfunding is education and fundraising for non-profits. The platform allows integration with common preexisting processes and systems and can help connect new projects to those who have had a history of supporting similar projects. Through Hubbub, education and non-profit sectors are able to access a means of obtaining social f unding for various ideas and projects that may not be able to receive funding through traditional channels. Organizations and people who are key users of this network include universities, colleges, schools, students, staff members, and charities.The company has used crowdfunding to finance its own growth and expansion. A campaign was listed on a crowdfunding platform Crowdcube in late 2014 and successfully surpassed its goal of 250,000 Pounds by raising 395,470 Pounds through 176 investors. The company aims to use the amount raised to expand its reach in the UK higher education market as well as to explore new segments and locations.HistoryThe Hubbub team creates and runs different crowdfunding platforms with the flagship platform being the education sector. The company began as Sponsorcraft in 2011 and changed its name to Hubbub nearly two years later. The change in name was prompted by the need to represent the business better. The new name was supposed to signify the increasing level of activity the company wanted to see in the area of education.BENEFITS OF USING HUBBUBAccess to Donors: One major benefit of crowdfunding for education and charitable organizations is that there is no longer a need to pitch to multiple funding bodies. Instead, one project listing is accessible to the most number of potential donors and the right people can view the project. Promotion for the project can be done through social media rather than holding potentially costly fundraising events.Less Roadblocks: There is very little resistance and barriers in the use of the website and listing of projects. The website team helps the project through advice, promotion and support to make sure that all new and returning projects and teams are able to receive the maximum attention and funding that is possible.More Independence: University budgets, committees and traditional funding bodies often tend to take a different view of potential projects and plans than a group of sponsors of all types that can be found through a crowdfunding platform. A compelling story with a solid basis in facts and information can convince sponsors to donate more easily than traditional funding sources. Difficult funding decisions are made more democratic through this process.Accessible Platform: The Hubbub website is easy to access and use and helps facilitate dialogue between students and the world of potential sponsors or donors. Proposals can be made to look smart and presentable for these sponsors.Promotion and Support: The website supports those listing projects and campaigns on the platform through alumni and business links that are developed over time. This network is not always available to individuals such as students and even staff and teachers. Projects have the opportunity to be featured in high profile media outlets such as The Guardian, the London Student, the BBC website as well as many local radio stations and programs.Access to New Ideas: With so many projects being li sted every day, others can get ideas for projects of their own. There can be an assessment of what works and how best to present the idea to potential sponsors.Alumni Networks: Through the platform, current university students can reach and engage alumni for support. Once this network is established and strengthened, alumni can be kept in the loop for new and exciting projects and because of the connection, may be more likely to make a contribution.Empowerment for Students: Universities often have to make cuts to funding and these austerity drives are most likely to affect student activities and clubs. Through crowdfunding, students can take matters into their own hands and continue to develop these activities through external donations.WHY WHEN TO USE HUBBUBHubbub is aimed for the education and non-profit sectors. So a project ‘crafter’ or creator must be a registered member of a university, college or a school. If a crafter is a member of an institution’s staff, then the pr oject must be for the direct benefit of the students. All crafters need to be at least 16 years old to create a project on Hubbub .There is no limit on the amount that can be set as a target for a project on the website. Projects may range from a 100 Pounds to as high as 100,000 Pounds.The website also offers institutions the opportunity to build an online fundraising community. This pro-site is branded and has the same message across the website, dedicated to the community being created. It also allows members to create projects which the owner can moderate and approve. In addition to this, all donor information is owned by the institution and all funds are collected directly.OPTIONS TO RAISE FUNDS FEES ON HUBBUBHubbub charges no fees itself as a platform. Creating and listing a campaign on the website is completely free of charge. The payment gateways used to receive payments, PayPal and Stripe however do charge a fee between 2.5 percent and 3.5 percent on all successfully conclu ded projects. The website suggests that campaign creators build this cost into their target amount to ensure that no loss of funds is felt in the project execution. If the project fails to meet its target, then no fee is charged at all.The Hubbub business model requires a campaign to reach its minimum target amount by the completion date or no funds can be received by the campaign creator. This is mean to protect both the donor and the creator by allowing only those projects to proceed that have collected the amount necessary to take the next steps towards completion. The minimum amount can be set as low as needed but it should be enough to continue with the project.HOW TO BE SUCCESSFUL ON HUBBUBTips for SuccessSarah Bedford of Durham University ran a campaign to fund a production by her company Rag and Bone. Though initially faced with a slow response, Sarah and her team did not give up and managed to raise their target amount within 72 hours. Sarah’s key areas for a successful c ampaign on Hubbub include:Don’t Give Up: Despite a slow beginning, the right actions at the right time can help achieve a target at any point during the campaign, even right at the end. This makes it extremely important to stay focused on the target and never give up.Involve Friends and Family First: A good way to get the ball rolling is to involve friends, family and acquaintances in the campaign at first. This will help build up the campaign and create credibility with other potential donors and sponsors.Go Beyond Social Media: Promoting a campaign through social media is vital the success of any crowdfunding campaign. But often a step further is required. Contacting potential sponsors found through social media directly sometimes proves to a more successful strategy. A personal plea makes it harder for people to say no and also makes them feel more personally invested in the project. In addition to these tips, it is also necessary to present a project and campaign in a way that it generates the right attention and interest. Some ways in which a project can be helped to stand out from the crowd include those described below.Identify what makes the project unique or fun: In any project, there is some aspect that can be considered different from the rest. This can be the project itself or some aspect of the reward being offered in exchange for a donation. These things can help make the project more attractive to those who may be browsing thousands of projects on the same platform or the hundreds of other crowdfunding sources available today. Creativity is vital to the creation of a successful campaign. If a sponsor receives an exciting reward, they are more likely to share this with their network. This can lead to increased awareness and excitement about the project.Use the Right Media: The importance of the right images, video and other material accompanying the campaign cannot be emphasized enough. An interesting and well-taken photo that is relevant to th e campaign may be the trigger that causes a person to click on the link and get to know the project in detail. A bad photo or none at all may simply make a person bypass the campaign and move on to another. A logo should also not be a substitute for a photo. It can be incorporated with the picture but on its own a logo can present a bland and lifeless image that is too corporate in nature.Use an Effective Tagline: In addition to a good photo, a catchy tagline is also important in terms of attracting audience attention as well as retaining this attention. The tagline should be the briefest possible synopsis of the project and will appear on the project card with the title of the project, a picture and a name. This tagline should be a sentence or two long at most. Rather than a witty one-liner or an abstract reference, a crowdfunding campaign tagline should be the first concrete nugget of information about your project that a potential donor sees and one that makes them want to read m ore, watch a video or hopefully, donate. Some sample taglines that are catchy include “Support the Oxford Women’s Blues as they take on Cambridge in the fastest game on ice” and “I’m an international sprinter looking for sponsorship to help me qualify for London 2012.”How to Promote a ProjectOnce a project is created, it is necessary to promote it in all the right places to ensure that it gets the right attention and garners interest from potential donors. Most early donors are friends and family and their contribution helps encourage others to give as well. Some sources of promoting a project include:Networks: The first step is to send a personal and friendly email with a link to the project to family, friends and acquaintances. The project should also be posted to social networking sites and blog if one exists. Without spamming, gentle reminders throughout the project may be helpful in maintaining interest throughout the campaign.Member Networks of Your Society: If the project is for a team, club or society, the same step should be repeated for the entire group’s network.Alumni Networks: Either established alumni communication channels or informal groups on social media can be a good place to reach out to alumni. If it is a group project, then a search for former members of the same group, club or department could be a good place to start. Alumni can be stirred into action with a personal message and a call to action.Press and the Media: Local student newspapers and radio stations can be a good place to capture your target audience’s attention as well as to extend reach beyond a certain network.Physical Presence: Flyers and posters in dorm and departments are also a good way to reach new people.HUBBUB SUCCESS STORIESThe projects listed for funding on hubbub range across a variety of categories. Some of these categories include art and design, community, dance, engineering, environment, events, fashion, film and comedy, food, games, literature , music, photography, politics, religion, science, sports, technology, theatre and travel. Some of the successfully funded projects include:Tibetan and Himalayan Studies: Research and PreservationThis project was listed by Wolfson College, University of Oxford. The project achieved 50,800 Pounds, just over its target of 50,000 Pounds. The aim of the campaign was for the college to create a post-doctoral research fellowship. In the current academic world, making the move from a doctorate to an academic post is often challenging and this fellowship would help bridge the gap for scholars of this smaller subject area.The project had a pledge from the Ti-Se Foundation for a matching fund of 25,000 Pounds. Rewards offered include becoming a ‘friend of the college’ and being listed on an online donor list, invitations to the Tibetan and Himalayan study center at the college, a personalized college t-shirt with a Tibetan message and an invitation to become a part of the President’s Cl ub at Wolfson College and be listed on the main donor board.Grease the MusicalThis project was listed by the Liverpool University Student Theatre and managed to raise a little over their target of 400 Pounds. The society is student run with limited funds. The money made in each show is used to put on future performances and with the costs of acquiring rights and the required technology, shortage of funds is often an issue. The rewards offered include a personalized tweet and a follow on Twitter, a special mention in the program, a signed poster, two free tickets, and for a higher pledge amount, all of the rewards combined with the opportunity to meet the cast.Help Carla Get to the World Karate Championships in BremenThis project was listed by Carla Burkitt of Middlesex University. She managed to raise 544 Pounds of her 950 Pound target, reaching her minimum target amount. Carla is part of the England Karate team and has attended European and World Championships winning several award s. The team is self-funded and is on the way to attending the Senior World Karate Championships in Bremen, Germany. The funds are being raised to pay for flights, hotel and an essential kit for the competition. Attending this competition will help improve world rankings which will be beneficial for the first ever Karate feature in the European Olympic Games.

Loop Wholes Of Database Security Essay - 3612 Words

Loop Wholes in Database By: Bindu Priyanka Ganta I. Abstract Database security mainly concerns with protecting data and the applications of the databases that are stored. In the realms of Information security and computer security, the database security is the special topic. Database administrators may also be responsible for misconfiguration of controls within the software where database is stored. Database monitoring is also an important security layer. Electronic signatures and encryption and many other new technique are introduced to protect databases. Over the years, the database security has developed a very large number of different techniques to assure integrity, availability, and data confidentiality. However, there are also threats, which are related to these databases. The threats take advantage of the loop wholes in these databases. As discussed earlier in the outline about how this security issue has brought huge problems in the company. Databases are the integral part of the company because it contains a lot of sensitive information about the company and even the information of their clients is stored in these databases. Therefore, their security is of high importance and each company in the market should consider it, as the world is becoming a data oriented.1Show MoreRelatedUnderstanding Of Data Center Bridging1701 Words   |  7 Pagesaddress Source address Type Info CRC Spannig Tree: The switches are used to establish connections between servers, interconnection will cause a loop where dataflow stays with in the loop and never reaches the required destination. In this case we need to break few connection to make it a one way passage which is called spanning tree. 1. Loop connection of switches 2. 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Loop was formed to provide potential clients solutions that will allow them to be aware of changes to a particularRead MoreRadio Frequency Identification in Warehouse Management1275 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking as information can be retrieved and stored into the devices throughout the whole supply chain at any processing point. Collection of real-time and detailed data within the warehouse is possible with the use of RFID devices, information to be collected include goods location, current status of the goods and the number left in stock(Kumar, Anselmo, Berndt, 2009). There is improved inventory planning, secur ity is increased, and there is optimization in the use of assets. In warehouse management

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder - 1472 Words

When it comes to our moods, we all have our highs and lows. It can last for a short period of time, but some struggle with their mood constantly changing for long periods of time. Bipolar disorder has two different moods, the manic phase and the depressive phase. It is a brain disorder where you never know which one is going to show up for other people to deal with for the day, or maybe even weeks. Bipolar is a serious condition that can be harmful to the person who is dealing with the brain disorder, but as well as, for those people who are involved in the person’s life. It is very hard to diagnose someone with a bipolar, but what is a bipolar disorder? â€Å"Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks (NIMH).† There are various signs and symptoms involved to be able to diagnose someone with bipolar. It is determined through the manic and depressive phases. In the manic phase, they look for signs such as them being more active or having more energy than usual, doing risky things that they normally do not do, and thinking they can do a lot of things all at once. In the depressive phase, they look for signs such as having trouble sleeping or sleeping too much, eating too little or too much, feeling very sad, and also thinking about death or feeling suicidal. (NIMH) All of these symptoms can apply to diagnosing a person with bipolar. The riskShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. 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Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depression are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percent

Observation Toddler Free Essays

The name of the child that is being observed is Rachael. She is a female toddler who weighs 26 pounds and is 32 ? inches tall. According to biosocial development most children, by 24 months, weigh almost 30 pounds and are between 32 and 36 inches tall. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation Toddler or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the data of the United States, Rachael weight of 28 pounds lands between the 10th and the 50th girls percentiles, which are 22 ? pounds and 26 ? pounds. Her height of 32 ? is in the 10th girls percentiles. Her skin tone is dark and her hair long curly brown she is Spanish and causasion mix. Rachael and her eight year old sister were sitting on at the kitchen table when I came in. They both were having lunch, sandwich with turkey and cheese, raw carrot, chips and juice. Rachael’s mother told the girls after wash their hands; they can go out in the backyard to play. Rachael was excited and told her, â€Å"Play mommy†. As I watched Rachael wash her little had it looked like she loved the warm water and soap on her hands. She looked at me and smiled, and I winked at her with approval. Smiling is an emotional development which falls in biosocial and psychosocial development. Rachael dried her hands and rushed outside to play in the backyard. The first thing she did was get on her electric Barbie truck. Using her fine motor skills, she was able to manver it without any help, as her was grinded one hand on the wheel she waved to her mother. Hi mommy! Her older sister saw playing with a ball and started to bounce it. Rachel, stop her truck and jumped out and ran to her said and told her, no that’s mine and had gripped the ball and walked away. She then started to use her gross motor skills, she had bounced the ball as her sister did and then was hitting it with her hand. She then walked up to her sister and said, â€Å"Here ball† the emotional was a smile. Her social interaction is of her beginning to acknowledge sharing with others. She then went to pick up a toy and throw it and her Mother told her in a claim voice Rachael please does not throw the toy. She just looked at her Mom and just started running around chasing her sister. She was laughing and at one point started to crawl on the ground and rolling in the grass again using her gross motor skills. There was a little play structure and she climb the latter another motor skill in the biosocial development and in which context and culture are crucial for acquisition of this skill. Rachael used her sensor motor skills and memory skills today. Her social interaction I observed was positive which I saw in her playing and communication. In receptive vs. expressive language skills, she seemed to receive when spoken. Though at this age, language is a leading cognitive accomplishment. By doing this observation, I had learned that it’s much easier to understand children and their development by observing their unique ways. How to cite Observation Toddler, Essays

Essay on topic A View from the Bridge Example For Students

Essay on topic: A View from the Bridge All the events of the play are set in about in Red Hook, New York roughly during the 1950s, a time where equal rights were not an issue and before the feminist era was in full swing. Most men saw it as their duty to look after their wife and family and saw it as unmanly to do anything other than that. A lot of men found they have to prove they could look after themselves and their family by using their fists rather then their mind. Eddie Carbone was one of these men. Eddie from the start has a fixed idea on how a real man should be. He thinks that men should be the provider and look after family. He is very protective of his family especially Catherine. He sees himself as a father figure to Catherine and comments on her walkin wavy! which shows his over-protectiveness towards her growing up. When Rodolpho and Marco arrive you can notice that Catherine has taken a liking toward Rodolpho and you can see Eddies not to pleased about this. When Rodolpho sings Eddie stops him abruptly, he is then embarrassed about this and quickly covers it up with a feeble excuse. Eddie is uncomfortable with the thought of Catherine being attracted to Rodolpho so he role as the head of the household to stop him. Eddie likes to be right and hates being told otherwise. When Eddie comments on how he heard in Italy they paint oranges orange, Rodolpho corrects him. Eddie resents being corrected by Rodolpho so he replies by saying: I know lemons are green, for Christs sake, you see them in the store theyre green sometimes. I said oranges they paint, I didnt say nothing about lemons. I think Eddie finds it irritating that a kid like Rodolpho is correcting him. Eddie starting to show his dislike for Rodolpho when he continually addresses Marco only. Eddie is extremely hostile towards Rodolpho and whenever Rodolpho comments, Eddie corrects him whether he is right or wrong. Marco sees whats going on and when Eddie asks him whether hes right Marco cautiously answers as if not knowing what Eddie would do if he replied no. Marco tells Beatrice that Rodolpho can cook and Eddie makes a comment on this Hes a cook, too! (looking at Rodolpho) He sings, he cooks Rodolpho smiles thankfully at the compliment, but I dont think Eddie meant it as a compliment. I think Eddie meant it as a question of his sexuality because he emphasises this comment by repeating it seconds later. I think Eddie finds Rodolpho very unmanly because he enjoys doing things, which at the time were thought of as womens work. This is not the only time he questions Rodolphos sexuality, many times he has commented on high voice and how if you heard it youd be looking for a her not him. He also old Beatrice that he gave him the heeby-jeebies. On the twenty-third of December he really questions this by coming home drunk and violently kissing Rodolpho to humiliate him in front of Catherine. Eddie deliberately induces a confrontation, he pretends to teach Rodolpho how to box. He uses this excuse to hit Rodolpho. He pretends hes playing around however deep down Eddie wanted to hurt him, Marco sees this and then challenges Eddies manliness. He does so by testing him to see whether he could lift the chair with one arm. Eddie does not manage this, but Marco does and he raises the chair over Eddies head. He shows that he is stronger then Eddie and gives Eddie a look of warning which quickly turns to triumph and Eddie quickly realises that Marco is threatening him to stay away from his brother. Marco is seen as a real man in Eddies, Mikes and Louis eyes. .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .postImageUrl , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:hover , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:visited , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:active { border:0!important; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:active , .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43 .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1ce46de2b9cde350a681c94d617a1b43:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Interest of An Audience EssayThey comment on what a hard worker he is and how if they left him to his own devices hed probably load the whole ship for them. Marco is hardworking and looks after his family, which Eddie sees as manly. Rodolpho however is the complete opposite, carefree and a big dreamer. However towards the end of the play Rodolpho changes and commits himself to looking after Catherine, almost swapping roles with Marco. When Marco and Eddie fight they both demand for apologies, but neither of them give in both believing they are right and giving in would be unmanly and show signs of weakness. Miller uses Eddies views on manliness to be the one of the main causes of his aggressiveness. Eddie as the protagonists feels that to show his manliness he must show his strength and lashing out on Rodolpho and violently kissing him was one of his ways to prove this. The hostility towards Rodolpho was because Eddie felt Rodolpho was not worth talking to because he was not man enough. Eddie thinks that real men arent blond and dont sing in high voices, but then again real men dont telephone immigration. Eddie lives in a community where everybody looks out for themselves and family and showing any weakness in your masculinity subjected you as a target for people. It all boils down to male pride and because of this tragedy befalls on Eddie. Eddie probably felt insecure about himself and were unsure of what his feelings were towards Catherine, but all Eddie knew was if he seemed manly I would give him a sense of security and a feeling that people thought he was secure with himself. After all isnt it better to settle for half then nothing at all? Eddie didnt think so; he wanted everything.

The Fall of the House of Usher Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Fall of the House of Usher Argumentative Essay Written by Stu LyndallOctober 27, 2005NOWHERE, TX- It was a dark and dreary night, in August. When a young man, Ishall not mention his name, was going to a friends house. His friend,Roderick Usher, was a delirious man whose twin sister was about to die. Theyoung man was coming to comfort Rod as his sister, Madeline died. The young man was planning to stay for a short time and never knewthat it would be cut any shorter. Once he arrived at Ushers house, he cameto find Rod very ill, although not terminally. Rod would seem to swing fromlife to death at any instant. Madeline also seemed to contain this condition, although it was neverofficially proven. She died a few days after the young man arrived, butsince it had been raining the duo decided to store in the cellar, also toprevent doctors from trying to dissect her. We will write a custom essay on The Fall of the House of Usher Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After a few days there was a storm. During this storm it is not fullyknown what happened, but we have what was thought to have. The young manwas reading to Roderick to calm him. Soon after they began to hear sounds,evil sounds. Roderick confirms that the young man is not only hearing thesesounds. He states that he thinks he buried Madeline alive. All the suddenthe door bursts open and Madeline rushes in and starts to kill Roderick. At this point the young man runs out of the house. Just as he does thehouse splits into and falls in on itself. He doesnt remember much afterthat except what he said, I dont know what the hell happened, but it wasentertaining. Police reports also state that he tested positive for opium,heroin, marijuana, PSP, acid, cocaine, and doggy treats. This is what theChief of the Nowhere Police Department, He seemed awfully tired, eitherthat or he was seriously messed up on something. This is all we know fromthese accounts, since the U.S.W.W.T.Y.A.A. is withholding the full facts. pic

How To Turn Blog Readers Into Paying Customers

How To Turn Blog Readers Into Paying Customers Are you converting your blog readers into paying customers? You might be doing it wrong. It’s the greatest misconception in content marketing  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ that people are going sign up for whatever it is that you are selling immediately after reading your content. That’s not how it works. In fact, that  almost never happens. Here’s how we usually think about content marketing: Create amazing content Promote content and watch readers share. Visitors experience said content and immediately buy something. Cha-Ching! But sadly, this is not how it works. The way it really works may be a bit  more complex, but in the end it is a lot more effective. Heres How To Turn Your Blog Readers Into Paying Customers #ContentMarketingAdvocates Before Customers If you are writing your blog to convert customers then you are doing it wrong. The same probably goes for getting them to sign up for your email newsletter. That just isn’t the way it works. It is so easy to think about marketing in a linear fashion. First they will see your ad, and then they will buy your product. Wrong! Marketing isn’t linear, despite the necessity and existence of the inbound marketing funnel. The goal of your blog shouldn’t be to convert customers – at least not right away – it should be to build advocates. Think of it like this:  advocates first, then customers. Build advocates first, then customers. #ContentMarketing #Trust #Conversions #GoodAdviceWhen we position ourselves in this way, we take the pressure off our content. It no longer needs to be mechanically linked to our call to action, it can exist on its own, and that’s a good thing. The process of finding  advocates is all about  building  trust. Content marketing is a process of creating and sharing content with an audience that will build trust and gain customers over time. I like to think of it as a 5 step process that we take our audience through one step at a time. At the end of the day, this is the process you will use to turn blog readers into paying customers. Phase 1:   Reader The first phase of the process is the reader phase. It basically means that a visitor has come to your site to read and consume the content that you have created. At this point, they probably aren’t yet familiar with you or your brand, so it really is just the beginning of the process. During this phase, readers are essentially cold leads, and probably don’t have enough trust in your brand to properly convert. Despite this truth, we often try and fail. Phase 2: Promoter The second phase of the process is to get the reader to share your content. Usually this happens via social media with a share, comment, or like. This is the most basic form of support, but it is sensible for you to consider each one a vote on behalf of your content. When a reader has moved to this phase, they have a officially become a promoter of your content. They will probably cycle between phase one and two several times before building enough recognition of  your brand to move onto the next phase. This is really a process of building trust with your readers. Phase 3: Subscriber The third phase of the customer acquisition process falls into the role of a subscriber. Here, a casual reader will become a devout consumer of your content. The most common method for this is a subscription to your email marketing plan or RSS feed, although it can come in other forms such as a follow on Twitter or a like on Facebook. Either way, this person has moved to the point where they not only recognize your name/brand, but they look forward to receiving and consuming your content as it becomes available. A simple way to look at this  is that they have opted in. Phase 4: Advocate As your subscriber receives your content over and over, they should slowly transition from a casual reader into a content advocate, frequently recommending your content via social media, and regularly participating in your comments section as new content is published. The difference here between a subscriber and an advocate is usually the level of engagement that they have with your content. In other cases, advocates will simply be the folks that â€Å"look forward† to your content each week, dropping everything when it arrives. This is an important step, and will only develop when you regularly focus on high-quality content with a purpose. Phase 5: Customer After months of blogging, tons of emails, and probably a comment or two, your advocate may actually be ready to become a customer. While they may have tried your product during an earlier phase, they have never been more prime to buy than now. The beauty of this stage is that they have so much trust in your brand that the buying process should be much easier for them. I often say that customers buy things from those that they know, like and trust. Content marketing is a great way to work through this process with customers that you don’t always get the opportunity to develop a one-on-one relationship with. Phase 6 (Bonus Phase): Ambassador One phase that can come after your reader has become a customer is the ambassador phase. This is a bonus element of that process and is often more reliant on your products ability to deliver than your content itself, although in some cases readers will become a major ambassador for your content. This is a good thing too. How To Turn Your Blog Readers Into Paying Customers You may have thought  that the real secret to turning blog readers into paying customers is the size of your pop-up banner. Although it may help, it probably won’t lead to long-term sustainable growth all on its own. Creating great content and building trust, on the other hand, can do just that. The problem is that we often look at the customer conversion process on a very condensed timescale. We like to think in terms of minutes rather than days, months, or years, when  this is really what it takes. In my days as a marketing consultant I saw this process at work all the time. I distinctly remember one customer who signed up on my email marketing list shortly after a free-luncheon talk that I gave to a handful of non-profits in my community. I never met her or discussed her program directly, but without me even knowing it she slowly went from being a reader to becoming an advocate. This future customer was consuming my content, reading my newsletter, and sharing it with everyone that she worked with day to day. Over several months, her trust in our brand and advice became infallible. We had earned her respect. One year later when it finally came time for her  team to look for an online marketing consultant, I was the first (and only) person that they called. I had a record-setting   deal in place after one meeting and a weeks worth of time. No selling was required. They already trusted me. My content had carried them the entire way. Good #ContentMarketing takes time, it is as simple as that.So often, we don’t like to give our content the time and resources that it takes to really become effective. We like to see fast results and immediate feedback on our funnel, but this is the wrong approach. To do it right, we have to give our content the time and resources that it really deserves. Good content marketing takes time, its simple as that. So many times, I see teams give up on their content way too soon, failing to embrace the slow, but deadly-reliable process of using content to turn readers into customers. Rather than focusing on converting a customer right out of the gate, start focusing on high quality content, a great experience, and an opportunity to build trust. Watch your funnels over the long term, and sit back and relax as your blog becomes the biggest source of new business that you’ve ever had.

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Innovation - Essay Example So Change is a process of transition from one stage to another and organization have to move forward and manage change, otherwise they will go backward as at is said in management there is no standstill. The following illustration is very simply explaining the process of change transition stages. Change Management is the process of moving from the current state to the vision of the future and involves a degree of transition. Organizations today focus on the factors that may lead them to the innovative techniques and can bring a change into the society. Change Change is defined as the process of transforming or entering from one stage to another. Changes may be positive or negative depending upon the circumstances and conditions that are leading for any change whether in any condition, change requires a lot of efforts either to bring it or to accept it. Changes with respect to External and Internal Factors If we looked at what has happened in terms of massive challenges and changes at the globe, it revolved around some very important areas. Examples are: Political Challenges / Changes: The Israeli / Arab Conflict, Iraq and Afghanistan War†¦ etc. All of these conflicts have not been resolved and in fact getting more complicated by the emerging of the Political revaluations in the Arab World e.g. Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. ... E.g. laptops, mobiles, digital cameras and computers with more usage of Face book, twitter†¦..etc. Social Challenges / Changes: The world population growth is getting a problem and total number of world population has exceeded five (5) billions and growth rate in certain countries is around 3 to 4%. Such challenges requires government to find food, homes, jobs, better health systems and protection to fight deceases as these deceases are effecting people and business from time to time and the recent one was the H1N1. E.g. all airlines and hotels we found them to be empty as people don’t want to work with others. So a better protected life is required to all human round the globe. Culture Challenges / Changes: This is a very serious challenge and I believe the most serious enemy to Innovation is having a culture that has not support innovations at all levels and types of innovative areas; According to Peter Drucher – The most innovative area may well have been manage ment itself – with "Outsourcing" and "Downsizing" economic value analysis and reengineering sweeping the Management World. He added: the next decade will require even more innovation, and especially from business and business executives. For, surely he said the next decade will be a decade of changes. Therefore, I will emphasis more in the couple few pages on the culture looking into it from business prospective, so that will be able to critically evaluate the claim that any organization can learn to be innovative. Organization culture is frequently perceived as a fuzzy, soft, elusive area that is difficult to define and has an unknown impact on organizations results.

Research Methods College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research Methods College - Essay Example Cheerfulness enhances the quality of life and improves productivity. A positive outlook makes one upwardly mobile. A cheerful disposition naturally reaches out to help someone. This person is not sticking out his neck. He knows he is doing something within reach. He knows he is capable. He simply reaches out, achieves the purpose and continues with his course. He radiates life and all the issues that make life happy and purposeful. It is difficult to say if strengths outweigh weaknesses. If it was so easy for strengths to outweigh weaknesses, almost everybody would be happy. Even the happiest people go through bouts of depression and anxiety. However, happy people have the resilience to bounce back. They do not carry forward their depressions to another day. As a matter of fact, going through depressions and anxieties improve resilience. They make a person stronger. It is mentioned that for every 17 articles on negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, there was only one article that dealt with the emotion of joy (Happiness). Basically, it is hope that drives man to live on. As long as man has life, he also has hope. Irrespective of his constant state of mind, there is the urge within man to press on. He knows better days are ahead. Even the most hardened skeptic harbors the notion that there is the silver lining. In the ultimate analysis, one has to learn to live above factors that make for weaknesses.

Closing The Achievement Gap Education Essay

Closing The Achievement Gap Education Essay The American education experienced long and sustained period of school reforms filled with significant challenges. The policymakers as well as the governors made the school reform movement their top project priority since the 1980s (Sindelar, Shearer, Yendol-Hoppey Liebert, 2006). The school reform movement undergone profound achievements in the past and continues to tackle significant challenges although it has achieved its goal in creating changes to school conditions, student performance, and institutional policy. The National Governors Association for Best Practices is looking into the achievement gap challenge facing the schools today (Grant, 2009). This requires creating new policies and developing old policies to close in the achievement gap problems happening in several states. The policy primer discloses the nature of the achievement gap problem, its history, and the different states efforts to solve the existing problem. The primer also discusses alternative solutions and strategies at state level including important issues and factors to avoid in implementing solutions. Understanding the achievement gap context The achievement gap context is all about the differences one sees between people coming from different race and class (Chubb Loveless, 2002). There is an increasing difference concerning the performance of students coming from the disadvantaged minority as compared to the performance demonstrated by white students of the same grade level (Chubb Loveless, 2002). This achievement gap is a clear issue of racism and the effects of the power of the privilege. Educational institutions, educators, and policymakers face genuine lack of understanding creating and developing schools that can cope up with the context of a diversified society. The challenge goes on with the creation of correct policy that could help close the achievement gap. Federal response to the urgent persisting achievement gap problem The No Child Left Behind Act or NCLB is an attempt by the Federal government to close the achievement gap (Chamberlain, 2004). The policy set forth a new accountability practice for American schools to set the same standards with detailed plan for testing performance to ensure students meet preset standards of the schools. The framework of the NCLB allows a student to transfer to other schools located at the same district if he fails to pass the test performance set by the school. It is the responsibility of the school district to provide persistently failing students supplemental services as well as choices to study at other schools operating within the same district (Chamberlain, 2004). The school needs to demonstrate adequate progress about the problems of persistently failing students. Failure to show progress makes them open for state law corrective action (Chamberlain, 2004). The schools focus their performance targets based on the conditions of the students with disabilities a nd coming from disadvantaged family background. This includes students coming from ethnic or minority group that possess limited English language skills and proficiency. However, well performing schools are still required to alter school practices, policies, and governance to accelerate and enhance the educational experience of the disadvantaged group of students. The state considers a school as well performing only when they become successful in bridging the achievement gap. The intervention of the new Federal law on the educational scene has created quite a stir among schools struggling to meet the new set of policies and criteria. How do you measure the achievement gap? NCLB Act is clearly a Federal strategy to challenge the achievement gap brought by the effects and challenges of inequality among students in the US. Schools measure achievement gap by comparing African-American test scores and academic performance with the Hispanic group and white Americans using standard assessment tests (Chamberlain, 2004). Survey statistics gathered by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) reflected a narrow gap between Hispanic and African-American 17 year old students reading scores for the period 1975 to 1988 (US Commission on Civil Rights, 2004). The gap becomes wider or somehow constant in the areas of mathematics and reading during 1990 to 1999. The NAEP charts on achievement gap raised concern over the intelligence and skills of the disadvantaged minority students. The Education Trust analysis on the NAEP data bothered policymakers. It concluded that the grade 12 level disadvantaged minority students performed similar to the level of the s tudents studying four years behind them (Ferguson Mehta, 2004). The skills of the Latino and African-American 17 year old students are comparable to the skills possessed by the 13-year-old White students in the subjects of English, science, and mathematics (Ferguson Mehta, 2004). The educational attainment is another way to measure the achievement gap between races. The different ethnicities showed wider gap as to the highest educational level of attainment they had achieved in the past. The groups showed gaps in all discipline. Dropouts among African-American and Hispanic groups in high school are heavier even though the tuition fee rates are lower than those rates given to the Whites (Ferguson Mehta, 2004). The Whites show more effort in trying to get a college degree than the Blacks and Hispanic young adults. Policymakers and schools do not overstate the importance of achievement gaps but actually noted the big difference between Whites and other ethnic groups educational achievement specifically Hispanic and African-American groups (Chubb Loveless, 2002). The achievement gap is the outcome of local and national standard test measures between diversified groups of students mostly categorized by ethnicity and socioeconomic status (Chubb Loveless, 2002). The other forms of category applicable to the groups are their gender and ability. There are many ways that a school can measure the achievement gap between the groups such as test scores resulting from standardized test and average grades obtained by each group. The dropout rates, highest level of educational attainment, and population of college enrollees are other ways to measure the achievement gap between ethnicities (Strictland Alvermann, 2004). Although the results of this statistic survey came from different American states, the same thing is also happening with other countries. These achievement gaps noted across countries showed the possible effects brought by discrimination and social injustice. The government made a good move eradicating social discrimination. The move to bridge the achievement gap between ethnicities also responds to their effort to solve existing social discrimination at the same time. Eradicating the gap as a public policy would help eliminate the other problem of social discrimination. However, some people disagree that the core causes of the achievement gap come from a persons class, culture, or even biology. These people believe that policymakers can directly influence economics and education using progressive education based on multiculturalism. This idea is more effective in helping them achieve equality among ethnic groups. Identified factors causing the widening achievement gap Researchers do not have any clear idea about the real reason for the increasing achievement gap between ethnic groups. Structural as well as cultural factors played a major role to the widening discrepancy. Students lacking the cultural capital portrayed by the middle class are likely to show low academic scores and achievements especially if they experience little parental involvement concerning their education and home coursework (Strictland Alvermann, 2004). Annete Lareau stated that better resource students demonstrate more accomplishments in academics and life (Lareau, 2000). Other researchers believed that a persons ability to achieve more in life and academics largely depends on its socioeconomic condition and the classification of race from which he belongs. It is evident that students belonging to the disadvantaged minority suffer the adverse result of the achievement gap because they find themselves at a disadvantage position than the White students. Understanding the effects of the environment and culture to students performance The culture, traditions, beliefs, social roles, and environment of the student influence the students performance and are factors that need extra consideration and study when dealing with the core causes of achievement gap (Lareau, 2000). It would be for the researchers advantage that he should look into the lives, environment, economic condition, and practices of the disadvantaged minority to ascertain and identify specific cultural differences that can help explain the differences of the child-parent relationships between ethnic group families (Lareau, 2000). Cultural differences shaped the childs behavior and motivation to become achievers. The authors Jencks and Phillips argue that a child belonging to the Black family do not have much motivation and encouragement from their parents because of the lack of understanding about the benefits of education and obtaining academic skills (Jencks Phillips, 1998). The lack of awareness resulted to Black children going to school with littl e vocabularies than their White counterparts. Studies claimed that students with parental involvement such as homework assistance show more progress in school (De Carvalho, 2001). In comparison, the disadvantaged minority consists of single parents have to spend more of their time looking for money to cope up with their household economics and other needs rather than staying and getting involve with their childs homework (De Carvalho, 2001). The minority group also consists of parents that do not understand nor speak English well. The study points two major causes of the childs difficulty namely unavailable English speaker at home and lack of parental involvement for homework. Researchers highly believed that children from the minority group do not attend school because they are not willing to find themselves in comparison with the Whites and accused as behaving like the White children by their peers (De Carvalho, 2001). The children of the minority group simply lack the motivation and the understanding to pursue higher education because they do not see and believe the benefits and role of education in their future. They possess little understanding about the benefits that knowledge and higher education bring to their lives and how it could improve years of hard work (De Carvalho, 2001). The common minority behavior from lack of motivation to do better in school is plain rejection of the idea to achieve something more in their future. It is like giving up their potential and the ability to do more by not studying and working hard to make any progress in their social status as well as to receive higher wages. Furthermore, researchers found that schools often set up their performance measures based from the students knowledge as well as familiarity about the White group that belongs to the middle class cultural capital. It is obvious that the disadvantaged minority is not familiar about the middle class cultural capital background of the White group. Schools need to change their test for students performance and base it on their understanding of the subject matter. The test should be solely base on how they understand and perceive the subject they are taking. How structures of the institutions influence the students? Students coming from the disadvantaged minority group definitely go to schools categorized by the district as poorly funded schools (Danielson, 2002). Children belonging to low-income household attend poorly funded schools because it is the only affordable form of education. Schools belonging to the poorly funded school category have limited resources and employ teachers with less qualification (Danielson, 2002). Schools tried to solve the achievement gap between ethnicities by placing students in tracking education groups. The framework of the tracking education group assigns students within the same school into several groups base on their skills and academic abilities (Ansalone Biafora, 2004). The schools then tailored the teachers lesson plans to meet the varying requirements of the different sets of learners abilities (Ansalone Biafora, 2004). The strategy made dramatic progress to some learners. However, some schools based their grouping from the students cultural capital and socioeconomic status that results to the disadvantaged minority overly representing the lower educational group (Ansalone Biafora, 2004). This made schools placed the African-Americans and the Hispanic students into the lower educational group. Their perception about the minority group wrongly placed the African-Americans and the Hispanic students, which reflects practice of institutional racism (Ansalone Biafora, 2004). This confirms some researchers beliefs that the initiation of the tracking education groups implies the existence of racial segregation within the school system itself. Several studies performed on tracking education groups provided negative results. The implementation of the tracking education groups harmed the potential of the minority students to learn more skills because the teachers assigned to their groups are less qualified (Molnar, 2003). The curriculum design for the minority group is also less challenging and provides less opportunity for advancement in their academic fields. The peers as well as the teachers of the students belonging to the lower tracking educational group labeled them as slow learners. This greatly affected their self-confidence and motivation to continue their studies, which resulted to increasing minority school dropouts. Concerned psychologist claimed that the schools tracking groups outcomes might not be beneficial to all groups (Molnar, 2003). They cannot identify any lasting benefit to the grouping. Chapter 2 Rational The schools explanation over the creation of the tracking education widely varies. The goal to find applicable institutional and policy solutions to narrow the achievement gap gave birth to drafting education reforms. The categorization leads schools to provide remedial classes as well as tutoring sessions for identified less performing students. Strategies applied to narrow the ethnicities achievement gap The school provided tutoring sessions to the less advantaged and low performing students after school. They also offer remedial classes to help underperformers. The main problem noted with the categorization program is the pressure it gave to minority students. The program pushes minority students or underperformers to learn at a fast pace in an attempt to catch up with the performing groups usually comprise of their White counterparts. The catch up required more efforts from the teachers and gave much pressure to the students. The schools changed their categorization by race to grouping the students according to their ability. This new grouping criteria enabled schools to provide fair quality education for the students without considering ethnicity. The detracking scheme made schools and teachers perceive students equally (Burris Welner, 2005). This also made schools provide more teachers that are qualified to the different groups, design their curriculum appropriately, and provide more resources to the learners. Understanding the condition of the minority The Blacks and the Latinos usually describe the low-income minority of the United States (Aragon, 2000). These students usually come from poor families and comprise the less performing group in school. The schools can easily identify minority students based on their SAT scores. Minority students often obtain lower scores than their White peers (Aragon, 2000). The schools broke down their SAT scores according to their socioeconomic status. The results showed that the Blacks and the Latino students usually achieve lower SAT scores than the Whites. However, Asians still achieve higher SAT scores than their White peers who belong to the same family income level. The analysis of the authors Steven G. Rivkin and Eric A. Hanushek fully explained the core causes of the increasing achievement gap. In their book published last 2006, the authors discussed the effects of the schools effort to group the students according to their socioeconomics and ethnicity (Hanushek Rivkin, 2006). The racial concentration in certain groups created the unequal distribution of experienced teachers and the inexperienced teachers (Hanushek Rivkin, 2006). The study noted the increasing achievement gap in the grades 3 and grades 8 levels. Looking into the structure of the high performers that belongs to the minority group There are minority students who managed to excel in their grade levels. One great example of minority high performers is the students attending at Davidson Magnet School of Augusta, Georgia. The other school with minority high performers is the Amistad Academy located in New Haven, Connecticut. The schools strategically employ traditional and rigorous training instructions that include providing direct instruction to students. Researchers found direct instruction effective and efficient in developing the skill levels of the learners coming from the inner city of the research title Project Follow Through (Harris Graham, 2007). Black schools sometimes perform higher than their White counterparts do. The results of the annual test during the later part of the 19th century at Washington, DC can prove this claim. The Blacks performing higher than the Whites do continued until the middle of the 20th century. The M Street School gave quite a performance during this period by exceeding on the national standardized test. The author Carl L. Bankston III and his partner researcher Stephen J. Caldas claimed that the achievement gap causes the segregation of the schools in US (Caldas Bankston, 2005). The book titled A troubled dream: The promise and failure of school desegregation in Louisiana published in 2002 and the other book titled Forced to fail: The paradox of school desegregation published in 2005, clearly pointed that students benefit more when placed in the same school with high achieving students (Caldas Bankston, 2005). Their research also showed that students experienced academic disadvantage when they interact more with low achieving schoolmates. This proves their perception about the achievement gap as the core cause of school segregation. This means that parents played a major role and are greatly involve in the creation of school segregation for the fact that many parents even avoid sending their children to schools with larger minority student population (Caldas Bankston, 2005). Understanding the standards based form of education reform The standard based education reform based its classification by the education characteristics and income level of the student regardless of performance (US Commission on Civil Rights, 2004). Most schools in US decide to adopt the education reform. The policymakers believed that students regardless of race and gender have the potential to become achievers and receive higher pay levels. There is a need to study the content and context as well as the effects of the states education policy and compare them with the education policies of other nations. Improved performance is attainable using the standard based assessments with clear set of incentives such as examination for high school graduation (US Commission on Civil Rights, 2004). The student reforms of whole language, multiculturalism, affirmative action, block scheduling, desegregation, inquiry-based science, and reform mathematics were not successful in improving the achievements of the students. The recent NCLB legislation requires students to take annual testing and demonstrate progress at an acceptable rate every school year. The federal government imposed sanctions to schools with larger population of under performing students. Obviously, the schools having the greatest attendance of minority and poor students face the problems of coping up with the legislation and working on the skills of the students. Those who favored the traditional education claimed that the schools are not designing the education reforms in a constructive way because the reforms are not curriculum and student based. The IQ tests and the SAT are widely accepted as norm-referenced tests. Some people claimed the ACT as limiting chances for the minorities. Many people favored the standards based assessment because they have a clear definition and design of the criteria for the reference test (US Commission on Civil Rights, 2004). The criteria are acceptable and regarded as free from any cultural bias. The students can easily pass the reference test criteria. In 2006, states like the Washington questioned the effectiveness of the approach. The assessment became a mandatory requirement for graduation. Terry Bergeson, a Superintendent, believes that students coming from the disadvantaged minority can compete and are capable of achieving higher scores (Thomas, 2005). However, these minority students need additional help to perform more. MCAS in Massachusetts showed higher percentage of graduating students for all races. In the Fairtest point, there are still many minority students dropping out and performing less than the Whites and Asians. Although the Washington state has narrowed the achievement gap, researchers cannot find any conclusive evidence that the standard based reforms are effective in closing the achievement gap. The author of the book titled The Bell Curve, Charles Murray, looked into the point gaps and its relative improvement (Locke, 1995). His analysis implied that the test is theoretically easy to pass but actually difficult to answer. The test consists of open-response questions that are mostly problem solving, reading, writing, and mathematics. Minorities who fail the test are about twice or even four times than the population of the students that achieve high scores of the testing history. In 2006, only one sophomore student belonging to the minority group passed the standard test. One needs to pass WASL to obtain a diploma. The tasks of keeping American public schools from educational failure depends on how fast policymakers and educators provide efficient policies and effective structure of framework for teaching that can respond to the students individual differences and capabilities. There is a rising need for educational institutions to meet projected challenges posed by changing demographic trends and requirements. The most crucial part is the transmission of societal values from diversified students of differing religion, philosophy, history, and political context. The lack of understanding of each ethnic group values and culture endangers the opportunity of any education reform to work for the learners. Chapter 3 Significance of the problem The American Indian group always ranked below the Latino and the African American students in terms of graduation rates and standardized test scores. The three groups always showed significant numbers concerning dropout rates. The achievement gap persists in the US history. The study published in the Education week revealed that American Indian or Alaska Native students graduation rate is about 47.4 percent. The foundation of the couple Bill and Melinda Gates funded the study. The statistics showed that American Indians were 30 points below their White peers, which means that about half of the graduating students belonging to the minority failed. The Council of Chief State School Officers report in 2006 declared that the low attendance of American Indian students across the country is a significant problem among the states specifically West Mississippi (Council of Chief State School Officers, 2006). The persisting problem about the achievement gap of the African Americans, Hispanic, Asian Americans, and Caucasian students present a challenge to the present structure of public education (Zajda, 2005). The gap narrowed a little during the 1970s and the 1980s and then started to widen again in 1990. The gap persists to widen until today (Vanneman, Hamilton, Anderson Rahman, 2009). There were about 22% grades 4 White students who scored below the basic NAEP test for reading in 2007. The report also showed about 50% Hispanic and 54% Black students who obtained scores below the basic NAEP. There were about 16% White students at grades 8 who scored below the basic mark required to pass the reading test. There were about 42% Hispanic and 45% Black students performing below the basic mark required to pass the reading test. The wide achievement gap reflected in their math scores also. Some people argued that district resegregation across the states reinforced the rising disparity problems. This is especially true in the northern and southern districts (Kozol, 2005). The White parents enroll their children in high quality suburban schools while the African-American as well as the Hispanic families enroll their children in racially isolated schools. These racially isolated institutions normally provide school instruction of very low quality and normally face other types of problems (Zajda, 2005). The California state is the most affected state in the US. Jack OConnell, State Superintendent, considers the task of helping the minority as moral, economic, and ethical imperative (Gerston Christensen, 2009). The California Department of Education (2009) revealed the state needs to prepare and train the students especially the African-American and the Latino to compete in the global economy. This would make California gain a competitive edge over world economic leaders. The success of the task largely depends on how well the students respond to the NCLB standardized test. Taylor (2006) is the main advocate of the Critical Race Theory. He tried to bring awareness about the racial minority and institutionalized oppression hidden under the Federal as well as state policies. Although the Federal government created the NCLB in an attempt to bridge the achievement gap, Taylor claimed that the Federal regulation puts too much pressure over the educators and students in trying to improve academic performance. Taylor claimed that the movement did not correctly address the issues stated in The Colors of Poverty by Lin and Harris. Taylor claimed that putting pressure to perform better does not respond to the racial segregation practices and policies. People and policymakers do not even understand the occurrence and the consequence of the practices nor do they have the ability to reverse its occurrence (Taylor, 2006). Understanding the context of differentiated instruction Differentiated instruction makes students the center of learning and teaching based from the theory that students come to school bearing different skills implying unique differences on their learning needs (Tomlinson, 1999). The varying degrees of differences may refer to their personal and educational context, community or environment background, and academic skills. The educators under the differentiated instruction design and employ several methods of instruction that can facilitate the learning experiences of the diversified students in the classroom effectively. The goal is to match students skills to the resource materials in a qualitative manner. The program includes blending the needs of the whole class with the design of their individual instruction using effective approaches and methods to expedite the processing of knowledge, input and output, of the learners. This requires constant assessment of the students progress by their respective classroom teachers. Policymakers considered the differentiated instruction movement as a proactive approach to educational issues facing practitioners today (Tomlinson, 1999). The proactive approach makes the students become more comfortable in pursuing their education. Educators refine and tailor their instructions according to the needs of the students. This also entails adjusting the curriculum to fit the students academic needs. Teachers committed to this approach understand that the students they teach shape their teaching style and practically believe that students create awareness on teachers how to shape them. The students personality and learning style necessarily influence the instructors teaching philosophy and methods (Tomlinson, 1999). This is the only way to get through them and seems the only possible way that they get to learn things. Creating a model for differentiated instruction requires student centered approach that supports the key elements of interest, readiness, and learning profile (Allan Tomlinson, 2000). The Russian psychologist, Lev Vygotsky, declared that people receive and learn more things when they are ready to learn these things (Daniels, 2001), which is the theory behind the differentiated instruction movement. The differentiated instruction approach matches the individuals interest and methods of learning. This approach supports the student interest, which is one of the key elements of differentiated instruction. Jerome Bruner claimed that the moment a teacher gains the interest of the student is the specific moment that a student starts to learn and the learning experience becomes more rewarding (Tomlinson Allan, 2000). The American psychologist who wrote about the multiple intelligence theory, Howard Gardner, claimed that a human being is a unique individual that possesses different levels of intelligence and perceives learning in different ways. This led him to suggest that schools need to look into the possibility of providing individual-centered approach. The framework tailors the curriculum to the intelligence and preferences of the child (Tomlinson Allan, 2000). This suggestion fits to the different student learning profile key element of differentiated instruction. The context of differentiated instruction supports and integrates the learning styles of the students to the conditions of their brain development. This constructivist learning theory details and analyzes the various factors that influence the readiness, intelligence preferences, and the interest of the students that motivate and engage them to learn at school (Anderson, 2007). Kathie Nunley, an educational psychologist, stated that the movement for differentiated instruction is crucial to the classroom makeover from the 1970s homogeneous groupings to the present heterogeneous learners (Nunley, 2006). Educators using the differentiated instruction approach are able to ascertain and meet the differing needs of the students, help each student in their learning process, and exceed expectations from established standards (Levy, 2008). Tomlinson believed that the need to implement differentiated instruction came from the fact that learners are unique individuals that vary in different ways. The student population is also fast becoming academically diverse, which presents higher probability that diversity will continue for a long time . Pre-assessment criteria for differentiated instruction The most crucial part of the differentiated instruction program is the assessment, identification, and determin

Distinctively Visual Essay

Composers create distinctively visual images to draw aspects that they are presenting in their texts. This helps the reader to understand and visualise the characters responses to significant aspects of life. The Author Henry Lawson uses these distinctive images in his short stories ‘The Drovers Wife’ and ‘The Loaded Dog’ to help portray the harsh realities of living in the Australian bush. These realities create significant experiences for the individuals in his stories as they are faced with hardships, mateship and love. Similarly, John Misto’s play ’The Shoe-Horn Sonta’ and Ramon Tongs ‘African Beggar’ use distinctively visual language to let the responder engage with the characters and their world. ‘The Loaded Dog’ explores the significant experience of mateship through the characters; Dave Regan, Jim Bently, Andy Page and their young retriever Tommy who is described with great visual imagery as an ‘overgrown pup, a big, foolish, four-footed mate, who was always slobbering round them and lashing their legs with his heavy tail that swung round like a stock-whip’. The story starts off slow introducing the gold mines that the story takes place in, using elaborate instructions to explain the process of mining and cartridge construction through verbs including ‘sewed’, ‘bound’ and ‘pasted’ which gives the reader a distinctively visual image of how life was for the gold miners. The author uses Australian jargon and vernacular language such as ’Don’t foller us!’ and ’no mucking around’ throughout the story to give the reader a more visual image of how the men of the area communicate. The story’s pace exponentially increases along with it’s humour as the storyline develops and as each complication arises. Dialogue and punctuation, such as ‘dashes’, carry us along with the action painting a picture in the readers mind of the events taking place. Dave who is seen as the ‘ideas man’ decides to create a cartridge to blow the local fish out of the water to eat and while he is at away at working on the cartridge, Tommy grabs the cartridge in his play, setting it alight in the fire, which establishes the main issue in the story. Lawson uses a humorous tone throughout this scene to give the reader a more visual image of what is being played out ‘close behind him, was the retriever with the cartridge in his mouth – wedged into his broadest and silliest grin’. Another short story composed by Lawson similar to ’The Loaded Dog’ entitled ‘The Drovers Wife’ creates powerful images through the use of distinctively visual language that enables the reader to feel the hardships of the characters. Lawson begins the story with the distinctively visual image of the harsh landscape ‘The bush consists of stunted, rotting native apple trees. No undergrowth, Nothing to relieve the eye save the darker green of a few she oaks which are sighing above the narrow waterless creek’. This descriptive language allows the responder to visualise the harsh outback scenery. The drovers wife is seen as a protective mother and a hardened battler against the disasters of the Australian bush. The use of alliteration ‘no undergrowth, nothing to relieve the eye†¦ nineteen miles to the nearest civilisation’ accentuates how isolated the Wife is from society. Lawson uses powerful verbs when creating a distinctively visual image in the responders mind in ‘The Drover’s Wife’. When the drover’s wife goes to hit the snake, ‘snatches’ is used to create images of immediacy and courage within the responder’s mind, whilst ‘darts’ is used to create an image of threat, the woman has no hesitation in hitting the snake and she darts to protect her children. Similar to John Lawson’s stories, John Misto’s Australian play ‘The Shoe-Horn Sonta’ uses an array of distinctively visual techniques to highlight the significant aspects of the story. Through dramatic film and editing techniques, and powerful dialogue, Misto explores the story of hundreds and thousands of women imprisoned by the Japanese in South-East Asia. The composer uses juxtaposition as the dialogue consists of both private and public conversations to create an image in the responders mind of the powerful links between the public and private voices between the two main characters, Sheila and Bridie. The opening scene shows Bridie re-enacting the kowtow, a tribute to the emperor of Japan ‘Bridie stands in a spotlight. She bows stiffly from the waist, and remains in this position.’ These stage directions allow the reader to visualise how Misto wants it to be performed, letting the reader share their experiences, and feel engaged with Bridie . Ramon Tong’s ‘African Beggar’ utilises distinctively visual language techniques to create and perceive a relationship with the persona and his  world and therefore understand the challenges he faces. The metaphor ‘a heap of verminous rags and matted hair’ is used to establish an image of a ‘thing’ rather than a human as ‘verminous’ is usually associated with flies and ‘matted hair’ creates images of an unhygienic lifestyles in the responders mind. The tone of the story suddenly changes in the third stanza and enables the reader to re-establish the relationship and perception that was previously created with the beggar. ‘lost in the trackless jungle of his pain’ is an example of symbolism used the show that the beggar feels pain in his whole body. This stanza creates an image of someone struggling for life and gives reason for the reader to feel sympathetic towards the beggar, this is highlighted in the line ‘lying all alone’. In conclusion, these texts all use powerful distinctively visual techniques to the let the reader understand and visualise the personas and their worlds, and the hardships that they face.